Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2026-10-07 Origin: Site
Adhesive tape is usually made of two main components: a backing or carrier material and an adhesive coating. Depending on the tape type, it may also include a primer, release coating, reinforcement layer, foam core, or removable release liner. These materials determine how strongly the tape bonds and where it can be used.
Adhesive tape is a flexible material designed to join, seal, protect, mask, insulate, mount, or temporarily hold surfaces together. Most everyday and industrial tapes use a pressure-sensitive adhesive, often called PSA. This type of adhesive forms a bond when pressure is applied and normally does not require water, heat, or a separate curing agent.
A typical tape is more carefully engineered than it may appear. The visible film, paper, cloth, foil, or foam provides mechanical support, while the adhesive controls how the tape interacts with the target surface. Manufacturers can change the backing thickness, adhesive chemistry, coating weight, surface treatment, reinforcement, or liner to create products for packaging, painting, electrical work, HVAC, construction, automotive assembly, signage, and many other applications.
A simplified adhesive tape structure can be written as:
Backing or Carrier + Adhesive + Optional Primer/Release Layer
Double-sided tape usually has a slightly different structure:
Adhesive + Carrier + Adhesive + Release Liner
Some specialty products may omit the conventional backing entirely or use foam as the central carrier.
Most adhesive tapes contain several functional layers rather than one single material.
Tape Component | Main Purpose | Common Materials |
|---|---|---|
Backing | Provides strength and shape | BOPP, PVC, paper, cloth, PET, PE, foil |
Adhesive | Creates the bond | Acrylic, rubber, hot melt, silicone |
Carrier | Supports double-sided adhesive | Tissue, PP, PET, cloth, foam |
Primer | Improves adhesive-to-backing bond | Formulated coating |
Release Coating | Prevents tape sticking to itself | Silicone or other release systems |
Release Liner | Protects exposed adhesive | Release paper or release film |
Reinforcement | Increases tensile strength | Fabric, fibers, scrim |
Foam Layer | Fills gaps and absorbs vibration | EVA, PE, acrylic foam |
Not every tape contains all of these materials. A simple packaging tape may consist mainly of a plastic film coated with adhesive, while a double-sided foam tape can contain several layers.
Understanding each component makes it easier to choose tape according to actual application conditions rather than simply comparing thickness or price.
The backing is the structural layer of a single-sided adhesive tape. It determines much of the tape's tensile strength, flexibility, stretch, tear resistance, temperature resistance, appearance, and conformability.
Different applications require very different backing materials.
BOPP stands for biaxially oriented polypropylene. It is one of the most common backing materials for carton-sealing and packaging tape.
The polypropylene film is stretched in two directions during manufacturing, which provides relatively high tensile strength while maintaining low weight. BOPP is also transparent, moisture resistant, and economical, making it suitable for high-volume packaging.
BOPP tape can be transparent, brown, colored, or printed. The backing mainly provides mechanical strength, while the adhesive coating determines tack and bonding performance.
BOPP is particularly common in:
Carton sealing
Logistics
E-commerce packaging
Warehouse operations
Bundling
Printed packaging tape
Its thin construction allows large roll lengths without excessive roll diameter.
PVC, or polyvinyl chloride, creates a more flexible and conformable backing than many rigid packaging films.
JUTU's PVC Tape uses a PVC backing with a pressure-sensitive adhesive and is designed for applications including electrical insulation, wire and cable work, bundling, automotive applications, construction, and general-purpose use.
PVC tape can stretch around curved or irregular surfaces, which is one reason it is commonly found in electrical and automotive applications. The backing can also provide useful resistance to moisture, abrasion, and environmental exposure depending on formulation.
PVC formulations can differ substantially. Plasticizers, stabilizers, pigments, flame-retardant additives, and other ingredients can be incorporated depending on the required performance.
The material called “PVC tape” therefore describes the backing family rather than one universal formulation.
Paper is widely used as the backing for masking tape and certain specialty tapes.
JUTU's Masking Tape uses an easy-to-tear paper backing combined with pressure-sensitive adhesives. Current product options include natural-rubber and acrylic adhesive systems for general masking, automotive painting, higher-temperature masking, outdoor work, and other applications.
Paper offers several advantages. It can normally be torn easily by hand, written on, cut cleanly, and removed conveniently. Its conformability also makes masking tape useful around corners and irregular shapes.
However, paper tape construction must be adapted to operating conditions. A simple general-purpose masking tape may be intended for moderate temperatures, while automotive painting or industrial masking may require a treated paper backing and adhesive formulated for higher temperature resistance.
Paper backings are commonly used in:
Painting
Automotive refinishing
Decorating
Labeling
Craft work
Temporary positioning
Light bundling
The paper itself may also receive impregnation or surface treatment to improve strength, moisture resistance, or paint holdout.
Cloth-backed tape uses woven or laminated fibers to increase strength while preserving flexibility.
A cloth structure provides high tear resistance compared with many plain films. It can also conform around corners, pipes, irregular equipment, cables, and textured surfaces.
Cloth tape is commonly used for:
Repairs
Bundling
Construction
HVAC work
Automotive applications
Carpet installation
Temporary fastening
Rubber-based adhesives are frequently combined with cloth because they provide strong initial tack on many surfaces. However, the exact adhesive chemistry varies according to application.
For double-sided cloth tape, the fabric can act as the central carrier while adhesive is coated on both surfaces.
Metal foil can also function as a tape backing.
JUTU's Aluminum Foil Tape uses an aluminum foil backing and is available with different adhesive systems, including hot-melt, water-based acrylic, and solvent-based acrylic formulations.
Aluminum foil is useful because it provides properties that ordinary paper or plastic films cannot provide as effectively. Depending on construction, these include moisture and vapor barrier performance, heat reflection, weather resistance, and electrical shielding.
Common applications include:
HVAC duct sealing
Thermal insulation
Pipe joints
Refrigeration systems
Building insulation
Electrical shielding
Industrial maintenance
Reinforced aluminum tapes can also incorporate additional fiber or fabric layers to improve tensile strength.
PET, or polyethylene terephthalate, is used where thin construction, dimensional stability, mechanical strength, or temperature resistance is important.
PET-backed adhesive tapes can be found in electronics, industrial assembly, insulation, splicing, and precision applications. Compared with a highly flexible PVC film, PET typically stretches less and provides greater dimensional stability.
The required adhesive still depends on what the tape must bond to and what temperatures or environmental conditions it must withstand.
Polyethylene and polypropylene films are also used in protective, packaging, warning, and specialty tapes.
PE is relatively flexible and can be useful for surface-protection films and temporary applications. PP provides good strength at relatively low thickness and is widely associated with packaging materials.
Film selection should therefore consider more than polymer name. Thickness, orientation, additives, surface treatment, and adhesive compatibility also influence final tape performance.
The sticky layer is the adhesive.
Most common self-adhesive tapes use a pressure-sensitive adhesive. A PSA remains tacky enough to form a bond when the tape is pressed against a suitable surface.
Unlike many liquid structural adhesives, a PSA normally does not need to cure after application. Bond strength develops through intimate contact between the adhesive and the substrate.
Several adhesive chemistries are commonly used.
Rubber adhesives are widely used when strong initial tack and fast bonding are important.
They can be formulated from natural rubber or synthetic rubber combined with tackifying resins and other additives. These formulations can wet many surfaces quickly, which makes them useful for packaging, masking, cloth tape, and general-purpose bonding.
JUTU's masking tape range, for example, includes multiple natural-rubber adhesive options.
Typical advantages can include:
High initial tack
Fast surface wetting
Good adhesion to many substrates
Cost-effective formulation
Strong general-purpose performance
However, long-term heat, UV, oxidation, or chemical resistance can vary significantly depending on formulation.
A rubber adhesive should therefore not automatically be selected simply because immediate tack feels stronger.
Acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives are widely used where aging stability, UV resistance, weatherability, or temperature performance is important.
Acrylic systems can be water-based, solvent-based, or formulated as other acrylic technologies.
Compared with many general-purpose rubber systems, acrylic adhesives often build adhesion more gradually after application. Their long-term environmental performance can make them suitable for industrial, outdoor, protective, electrical, and mounting applications.
JUTU's product range includes both water-based and solvent-based acrylic adhesive formulations in several tape categories.
Typical acrylic applications include:
Industrial bonding
Outdoor applications
Surface protection
Aluminum foil tape
Double-sided tape
Electronics
Signage
Automotive components
Actual performance depends on the formulation, coating weight, substrate, temperature, and application conditions.
Hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesives are coated in a molten state during production and develop their useful adhesive properties as the formulation cools.
These systems can provide strong initial tack and are commonly found in packaging and double-sided products.
Hot-melt adhesive can be attractive for high-speed tape manufacturing because it does not rely on large quantities of solvent during coating.
JUTU uses hot-melt adhesive options in products such as aluminum foil tape and several double-sided tape constructions.
The final application temperature should still be considered because adhesive performance can change as temperature rises or falls.
Silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives are used in more specialized applications where high temperature resistance, low-surface-energy bonding, chemical resistance, or clean release is required.
They are normally more expensive than common rubber or acrylic systems and are therefore not necessary for ordinary carton sealing or general household use.
Silicone adhesives can be found in certain:
High-temperature tapes
Electrical applications
Electronics manufacturing
Process masking tapes
Specialty industrial tapes
The adhesive should be selected according to required performance rather than assuming that a higher-cost chemistry automatically provides a better bond on every substrate.
Double-sided tape places adhesive on both faces so that two materials can be bonded without leaving a visible tape layer on the outside.
Many double-sided products use the following construction:
Release Liner
↓
Adhesive
↓
Carrier
↓
Adhesive
The carrier can be tissue, cloth, PP film, PET film, foam, or another material.
The backing or carrier is important because it changes how the tape behaves under stress.
A thin tissue carrier creates a flexible, low-profile tape suitable for paper, leather, foam, stationery, and light assembly.
A film carrier provides greater dimensional stability.
A cloth carrier improves flexibility and tear strength.
A foam carrier provides thickness and allows the tape to compensate for surface irregularities.
Foam tape uses a compressible foam layer as its main carrier or backing.
JUTU's Double Sided Foam Tape includes EVA and IXPE foam constructions combined with hot-melt or solvent-based acrylic adhesive systems.
The foam layer performs functions that ordinary thin film cannot provide easily. It can fill small gaps between uneven surfaces and absorb part of the vibration or impact transferred through a bonded joint.
This makes foam tape useful for:
Nameplates
Signs
Mirrors
Interior panels
Electronic components
Automotive trim
Decorative elements
Gap filling
Shock absorption
Foam thickness is therefore a functional parameter rather than simply additional material.
A 1 mm foam tape and a 2 mm foam tape may behave differently even when their adhesive chemistry is similar.
Many double-sided tapes and other products with exposed adhesive require a protective liner.
The liner covers the adhesive during converting, rewinding, storage, die cutting, shipping, and handling. Users remove the liner immediately before applying the second surface.
Common liner materials include:
Release paper
Kraft-based release paper
Glassine paper
PE-coated paper
PET release film
Other plastic release films
The liner surface is treated so that it separates cleanly from the adhesive.
A liner that releases too easily can lift during converting or transportation. One with excessive release force can make application difficult or disturb the adhesive coating.
For industrial double-sided tape, liner selection can therefore affect automated die cutting and assembly as well as simple hand application.
Single-sided adhesive tape normally needs to be wound into a roll without permanently bonding the adhesive to the exposed surface of the backing.
A low-adhesion release coating can be applied to the reverse side of the backing to control unwind.
This layer allows users to pull tape smoothly from the roll without damaging the backing or transferring adhesive unintentionally.
Release chemistry is engineered together with the adhesive. If release force is too high, the tape becomes difficult to unwind. If it is too low, the roll may telescope or unwind unintentionally.
This thin coating is rarely noticed by users, but it can have a meaningful effect on tape handling.
A primer or tie coat can be applied between the backing and adhesive.
The purpose is to improve the bond between these two layers.
This is important because the adhesive should normally remain attached to the backing when the tape is removed. If adhesive-to-backing adhesion is poor, adhesive can transfer to the substrate instead.
Primer becomes particularly important when the backing surface does not naturally bond strongly to the chosen adhesive.
Some plastic films may also receive corona treatment, chemical treatment, or other surface modification before adhesive coating.
The goal is to create a stable layered structure:
Backing → Primer → Adhesive
instead of allowing the adhesive layer to separate from the backing during use.
There is no single backing material that provides every useful property.
Manufacturers choose materials according to the mechanical and environmental requirements of the application.
Backing | Key Characteristic | Typical Application |
|---|---|---|
BOPP | Strong, thin, economical | Carton sealing |
PVC | Flexible and conformable | Electrical and industrial tape |
Paper | Tearable and easy to remove | Masking |
Cloth | Strong and flexible | Repair and duct tape |
Aluminum Foil | Barrier and heat reflection | HVAC and insulation |
PET | Stable and strong | Industrial/electronics |
PE | Flexible protection | Surface protection |
Foam | Cushioning and gap filling | Mounting |
The best backing therefore depends on whether the tape needs to stretch, tear by hand, withstand heat, resist moisture, provide insulation, fill a gap, or remain dimensionally stable.
Two tapes with identical backing can behave very differently if their adhesives are different.
Adhesive chemistry influences:
Initial tack
Peel adhesion
Shear resistance
Temperature resistance
UV resistance
Aging
Chemical resistance
Moisture resistance
Removability
Residue
Low-temperature bonding
For example, a masking tape intended for short indoor painting may use a different adhesive from one designed for automotive paint processes at elevated temperatures.
Likewise, an aluminum foil tape used on HVAC insulation may need different temperature and aging performance from a simple general-purpose sealing tape.
The backing tells only half of the material story.
Pressure-sensitive tape sticks because the adhesive is soft enough to flow microscopically into the surface irregularities of the substrate when pressure is applied.
Even surfaces that appear smooth contain microscopic peaks and valleys.
Pressing the tape increases contact between the adhesive and these irregularities. Molecular attraction at the interface then contributes to the bond.
This explains why application pressure matters.
Simply laying a tape lightly onto a surface may produce weaker adhesion than pressing it firmly across the complete bond area.
Surface condition also matters. Dust, oil, water, silicone contamination, loose paint, and other materials can prevent direct contact between adhesive and substrate.
Good bonding usually requires a surface that is:
Clean
Dry
Structurally sound
Compatible with the adhesive
Within the recommended temperature range
The chemistry of both surfaces should also be considered.
Different materials have different surface energies.
Many adhesives can wet glass, metal, and other relatively high-surface-energy materials effectively.
Some plastics, including certain polyethylene and polypropylene surfaces, can be more difficult because their surface energy is lower. The adhesive may not spread and interact with the surface as effectively.
This is why one tape should not automatically be expected to bond equally well to:
Stainless steel
Glass
Painted metal
PVC
PP
PE
Powder-coated surfaces
Rubber
Foam
Textiles
Wood
For industrial applications, substrate testing is more useful than choosing tape based only on its nominal peel value.
Tape thickness can include the backing, adhesive coating, and any carrier or foam structure.
A thin tape can provide a low-profile bond and conform well to smooth surfaces.
A thicker tape can provide more adhesive mass or mechanical cushioning but may be less suitable where a nearly invisible joint is required.
Foam tapes are intentionally much thicker because they need to bridge small surface gaps.
Thickness therefore needs to be considered together with:
Surface roughness
Required bond strength
Flexibility
Gap size
Die-cutting requirements
Appearance
Mechanical loading
The thickest tape is not necessarily the strongest tape.
Typical pressure-sensitive packaging tape is commonly made from a BOPP film backing and a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
The combination provides high tensile strength at low thickness and makes long rolls economical to manufacture.
Printed packaging tape may also contain printing inks positioned according to the production process.
Tape used for heavy cartons, cold environments, automated sealing, or long storage can require different adhesive formulations even when the BOPP backing remains similar.
Masking tape is generally made from:
Treated Paper Backing + Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive
Depending on the product, the adhesive can be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, acrylic, or another specialized chemistry.
The backing may also be treated to improve strength, temperature resistance, or resistance to paint penetration.
JUTU's masking tape range demonstrates this variation. General-purpose models use natural-rubber systems, while some rice masking tapes use water-based or solvent-based acrylic adhesive.
This shows why “masking tape” describes a product category rather than one fixed chemical composition.
PVC tape consists mainly of:
PVC Film Backing + Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive
Pigments and other additives can be incorporated into the PVC formulation to produce different colors and mechanical properties.
Electrical PVC tape may also require specific insulation, flame, and temperature characteristics depending on its intended market and standard.
The flexible PVC backing allows the tape to wrap around wires, cables, pipes, and irregular components more easily than many stiff films.
A typical aluminum foil tape consists of:
Aluminum Foil Backing + Adhesive + Optional Release Liner
Some versions also contain reinforcing layers.
The foil provides the main barrier, reflective, and metallic properties, while the adhesive controls bonding.
JUTU's aluminum foil tape range includes hot-melt, water-based acrylic, and solvent-based acrylic systems, illustrating how the same backing can be paired with different adhesives according to application requirements.
Not necessarily.
Some natural-rubber adhesive systems can contain materials associated with natural rubber latex, but many modern tapes use acrylic, synthetic rubber, silicone, or other adhesive technologies.
A product cannot reliably be classified as latex-free only from its appearance or tape category.
If latex content is important for medical, occupational, or allergy-related reasons, buyers should request the specific technical declaration or material information for that tape rather than assuming all adhesive tape has the same composition.
No.
Plastic films such as BOPP, PVC, PET, PE, and PP are widely used, but adhesive tape can also use:
Paper
Cloth
Aluminum foil
Foam
Nonwoven tissue
Reinforced composites
Some products combine several materials in one tape.
For example, a reinforced foil tape may combine metallic foil, reinforcement fibers, adhesive, and release liner.
Double-sided foam tape combines foam, adhesive coatings, and liner.
The term “adhesive tape” therefore describes the product function rather than a single material.
Manufacturing methods vary by tape type, but the general process usually involves preparing the backing, preparing or applying the adhesive, drying or cooling the coating where required, laminating additional layers, winding the material into master rolls, and converting those rolls into the required sizes.
A simplified process can be:
Backing Preparation → Surface Treatment/Primer → Adhesive Coating → Drying or Cooling → Release Treatment/Lamination → Jumbo Roll → Slitting/Converting
Water-based adhesive coatings need water removed during drying.
Solvent-based systems require controlled solvent evaporation and recovery or treatment.
Hot-melt systems are applied while warm or molten and then cooled.
Double-sided tapes may require multiple coating and lamination stages because adhesive is present on both sides.
Manufacturing control affects coating weight, thickness uniformity, adhesion, unwind behavior, roll appearance, and final performance.
Tape strength comes from more than the adhesive.
Several different properties are commonly confused.
Tensile strength mainly relates to how much force the backing can withstand before breaking.
Peel adhesion describes the force required to peel tape from a surface under defined test conditions.
Shear strength describes resistance to sliding or sustained load parallel to the bond.
Initial tack relates to how quickly the adhesive grabs a surface.
A cloth tape can have very high backing strength while using a moderate adhesive.
A thin PET tape can provide strong dimensional stability.
A foam tape can create good mounting performance because it increases surface contact on uneven materials.
A tape therefore needs the right combination of backing and adhesive rather than maximum values in one property.
There is no universally best material.
For carton sealing, BOPP film provides an economical and practical backing.
For painting, paper masking tape offers controlled removal and easy tearing.
For electrical wrapping, flexible PVC is commonly useful.
For HVAC and insulation, aluminum foil provides thermal and vapor-barrier characteristics.
For repairs and irregular surfaces, cloth backing provides strength and flexibility.
For mounting on uneven surfaces, foam can provide gap filling.
The selection should therefore begin with the application.
Ask:
What materials need to be bonded?
Is the bond temporary or permanent?
Will the tape be indoors or outdoors?
What temperature will it experience?
Will it contact water, oil, chemicals, or UV?
Is the surface smooth or rough?
Does the tape need to stretch?
Is clean removal required?
What load must the bond carry?
Is a liner required for converting or die cutting?
These questions narrow the material choice much more effectively than asking only for a “strong tape.”
A practical comparison can begin with the backing.
Application | Suitable Backing Direction | Adhesive Consideration |
|---|---|---|
Carton Sealing | BOPP | Fast tack and packaging performance |
Painting | Paper | Clean removal and temperature resistance |
Electrical Work | PVC | Insulation and flexibility |
HVAC | Aluminum Foil | Heat and aging performance |
Repair | Cloth | Strong initial adhesion |
Mounting | Foam | Surface compatibility and shear strength |
Electronics | PET or Specialty Film | Temperature and precision |
Surface Protection | PE/PVC Film | Controlled removability |
Final selection should always be verified on the actual substrate and under expected operating conditions.
Temperature, dwell time, pressure, humidity, surface contamination, and storage can all change practical adhesive performance.
JUTU New Materials Technology Ltd. manufactures and supplies a broad range of adhesive tape and self-adhesive material products for packaging, logistics, construction, automotive, electrical, industrial, and related applications.
The adhesive tape range includes BOPP tape, PVC tape, cloth duct tape, masking tape, aluminum foil tape, double-sided tape, degradable tape, and related products. Within these groups, different backing and adhesive combinations allow buyers to select products according to actual bonding, sealing, masking, protection, or mounting requirements.
For industrial buyers, selecting the tape by construction is more reliable than selecting only by product name. JUTU can evaluate requirements such as backing material, adhesive type, tape thickness, peel adhesion, initial tack, temperature conditions, surface type, roll dimensions, and application.
Providing these details at the inquiry stage helps reduce the risk of using a strong adhesive on an unsuitable backing or choosing a durable backing with an adhesive that does not match the substrate.
Adhesive tape is not made from one universal material. Most tapes combine a backing or carrier with a pressure-sensitive adhesive, while more complex constructions can also include primer, reinforcement, foam, release coatings, and release liners.
The backing may be BOPP, PVC, PET, PE, paper, cloth, aluminum foil, foam, or another engineered material. The adhesive may be rubber-based, acrylic, hot melt, silicone, or another specialized formulation.
Each layer performs a different function.
The backing provides mechanical strength and handling characteristics. The adhesive forms the bond. Foam can fill gaps and absorb vibration. Reinforcement improves tensile strength. A liner protects exposed adhesive until application.
This is why tapes that look similar can perform very differently.
When choosing an adhesive tape, consider the substrate, required bond strength, application temperature, environmental exposure, surface roughness, removal requirement, tape thickness, backing material, and adhesive chemistry together.
JUTU provides multiple adhesive tape constructions for packaging, masking, mounting, electrical, construction, HVAC, automotive, and industrial applications. Providing detailed operating requirements makes it easier to select a tape made from the right combination of materials rather than simply choosing by thickness or appearance.
Most adhesive tape consists of a backing or carrier and an adhesive coating. Depending on the design, it may also contain primer, release coating, reinforcement, foam, or a release liner.
The sticky layer is usually a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Common chemistries include acrylic, natural or synthetic rubber, hot-melt formulations, and silicone adhesives.
Many common packaging tapes use BOPP film as the backing combined with a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
Masking tape normally uses a treated paper backing coated with a pressure-sensitive adhesive such as natural rubber or acrylic.
PVC tape uses flexible polyvinyl chloride film as the backing together with a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Additional additives may be incorporated into the PVC according to the required properties.
Double-sided tape usually consists of adhesive on both sides of a carrier such as tissue, film, cloth, or foam, plus a removable release liner.
Foam tape uses a compressible foam carrier such as EVA or polyethylene-based foam combined with adhesive coatings. Different products may use hot-melt or acrylic adhesive systems.
The removable paper is normally a release liner. It protects the exposed adhesive during manufacturing, storage, converting, and handling and is removed before final application.
No. Tape backings can be made from plastic film, paper, cloth, aluminum foil, foam, nonwoven material, or combinations of these materials.
Some tapes use natural- or synthetic-rubber-based adhesives, but many others use acrylic, hot-melt, silicone, or other adhesive technologies.
Some natural-rubber systems may involve latex-derived materials, but adhesive tape is not universally made with latex. Buyers who need latex-free products should verify the specific product formulation or supplier declaration.
Strength depends on backing tensile strength, adhesive chemistry, adhesive coating weight, peel adhesion, shear strength, tape thickness, surface preparation, and compatibility with the bonded material.
Neither is universally better. Rubber systems often provide strong initial tack, while acrylic systems are frequently chosen for aging, weather, UV, and temperature performance. The correct choice depends on the application.
Start with the surfaces being bonded, operating temperature, indoor or outdoor exposure, required load, surface roughness, removal requirements, and environmental conditions. Then select an appropriate backing and adhesive combination.